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Chapter 3: Problem 11

What is the basis for homology among chromosomes?

Short Answer

Expert verified
Answer: The basis for homology among homologous chromosomes is their shared ancestry. They have the same size, shape, and gene locations due to being derived from the same ancestral chromosome. This contributes to genetic variation as homologous chromosomes carry different versions of genes called alleles, which can affect the traits expressed in an organism.

Step by step solution

01

Define Homologous Chromosomes

Homologous chromosomes are pairs of chromosomes, one from each parent, that have the same size, shape, and gene locations (also called loci). These chromosomes carry the same type of information but can have different versions of the genes, called alleles.
02

Define Homology

Homology is the similarity between two structures, such as chromosomes, due to their shared ancestry. In this context, we are looking for the basis for homology among chromosomes, meaning the reasons why homologous chromosomes share similarities.
03

Explain the Basis for Homology among Chromosomes

The basis for homology among chromosomes lies in their shared ancestry, as mentioned in the definition of homology. During the process of evolution, organisms inherit genetic information from their ancestors, which is then passed down through generations in the form of chromosomes. As a result, homologous chromosomes carry similar genes in corresponding loci because they are derived from the same ancestral chromosome.
04

Discuss Genetic Variation within Homologous Chromosomes

While homologous chromosomes have a shared ancestry, they are not identical. They contain different versions of genes, called alleles, which can lead to genetic variation within a species. The presence of different alleles within homologous chromosomes can affect the traits expressed in an organism, such as eye color or blood type.
05

Summary

In summary, the basis for homology among chromosomes is their shared ancestry. Homologous chromosomes are pairs of chromosomes with the same size, shape, and gene locations that are derived from the same ancestral chromosome. Although these chromosomes carry the same type of information, they can have different versions of genes, which contribute to genetic variation within a species.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

To assess Mendel's law of segregation using tomatoes, a truebreeding tall variety (SS) is crossed with a true-breeding short variety (ss). The heterozygous F1 tall plants (Ss) were crossed to produce two sets of F2 data, as follows.  Set I  Set II 30 tall 300 tall 5 short 50 short  (a) Using the χ2 test, analyze the results for both datasets. Calculate χ2 values and estimate the p values in both cases. (b) From the above analysis, what can you conclude about the importance of generating large datasets in experimental conditions?

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Dentinogenesis imperfecta is a tooth disorder involving the production of dentin sialophosphoprotein, a bone-like component of the protective middle layer of teeth. The trait is inherited as an autosomal dominant allele located on chromosome 4 in humans and occurs in about 1 in 6000 to 8000 people. Assume that a man with dentinogenesis imperfecta, whose father had the disease but whose mother had normal teeth, married a woman with normal teeth. They have six children. What is the probability that their first child will be a male with dentinogenesis imperfecta? What is the probability that three of their six chil- dren will have the disease?

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