Chapter 12: Problem 14
A particular variant of the lambda bacteriophage has a DNA double-stranded genome of 51,365 base pairs. How long would this DNA be?
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Variable number tandem repeats (VNTRs) are repeating DNA sequences of about 15 to 100 bp in length, found both within and between genes. Why are they commonly used in forensics?
Following is a diagram of the general structure of the bacteriophage \(\lambda\) chromosome. Speculate on the mechanism by which it forms a closed ring upon infection of the host cell. \(5^{\prime}\) GGGCGGCGACCT-double-stranded region-3' 3'- double-stranded region-CCCGCCGCTGGA 5'
What genetic process is occurring in a puff of a polytene chromosome? How do we know this experimentally?
Examples of histone modifications are acetylation (by histone acetyltransferase, or HAT), which is often linked to gene activation, and deacetylation (by histone deacetylases, or HDACs), which often leads to gene silencing typical of heterochromatin. Such heterochromatinization is initiated from a nucleation site and spreads bidirectionally until encountering boundaries that delimit the silenced areas. Recall from earlier in the text (see Chapter 4 ) the brief discussion of position effect, where repositioning of the \(w^{+}\) allele in Drosophila by translocation or inversion near heterochromatin produces intermittent \(w^{+}\) activity. In the heterozygous state \(\left(w^{+} / w\right),\) a variegated eye is produced, with white and red patches. How might one explain position-effect variegation in terms of histone acetylation and/or deacetylation?
number of times a microsatellite of a particular sequence length, one to six bases long, is found within genes. For instance, in primates, a dinucleotide sequence (GC, for example) is found 10 times, while a trinucleotide is found 1126 times. In fungi, a repeat motif composed of 6 nucleotides (GACACC, for example) is found 219 times, whereas a tetranucleotide repeat (GACA, for example) is found only 2 times. Analyze and interpret these data by indicating what general pattern is apparent for the distribution of various microsatellite lengths within genes. Of what significance might this general pattern be?
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