Chapter 5: 1TYU (page 66)
Which of the following categories includes all others in the list?
(A) disaccharide
(B) polysaccharide
(C) starch
(D) carbohydrate
(A) The option “disaccharide” is false.
(B) The option “polysaccharide” is false.
(C) The option “starch” is false.
(D) The option “carbohydrates” is true.
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Proteins, which have diverse functions in a cell, are all polymers of the same kinds of monomers—amino acids. Write a short essay (100–150 words) that discusses how the structure of amino acids allows this one type of polymer to perform so many functions.
How would sequencing the entire genome of an organism help scientists to understand how that organism functioned?
Go to Figure 5.23a and, for the top three nucleotides, number all the carbons in the sugars, circle the nitrogenous bases, and star the phosphates.
Where would you expect a polypeptide region rich in the amino acids valine, leucine, and isoleucine to be located in a folded polypeptide? Explain.
Copy the polynucleotide strand in Figure 5.23a and label the bases G, T, C, and T, starting from the 5′ end. Assuming this is a DNA polynucleotide, now draw the complementary strand, using the same symbols for phosphates (circles), sugars (pentagons), and bases. Label the bases. Draw arrows showing the 5′ to 3′ direction of each strand. Use the arrows to make sure the second strand is antiparallel to the first. Hint: After you draw the first strand vertically, turn the paper upside down; it is easier to draw the second strand from the 5′ toward the 3′ direction as you go from top to bottom.
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