Question

VISUAL SKILLS Based on the phylogenetic tree diagram in Figure 34.2, predict which vertebrate groups should have lungs or lung derivatives. Explain.

Short answer

The vertebrate group that will possess lung and lung derivatives include Actinopterygii, Actinistia, Dipnoi, Amphibia, Reptilia, and Mammalia. These organisms orginated after the hatch match, and hence it indicates that the traits are found throughout their lineage.

Step-by-step solution

Vertebrates

Vertebrates are living organisms that possess a vertebral column. The major function of the vertebral column is to provide support. It also helps in the movement of the body.

These organisms are grouped as phylum Chordata, and the subphylum is Vertebrata.

Role of lungs in vertebrates

Vertebrates are complex living organisms that possess paired lungs. The lungs are very essential in these organisms because it enables the exchange of gases in the body. The lungs take in oxygen from the atmosphere and release carbon dioxide.

Vertebrate groups possessing lung or lung derivatives

Some vertebrates underwent evolution to better evolve and survive on land. The vertebrate organisms that were previously on land did not require lungs to breathe. However, when they dominated the land, they needed oxygen for respiration.

To compete with this demand, these organisms adapted, and hence lungs were formed. The vertebrate organisms that possess lungs and lung derivatives include Actinopterygii, Actinistia, Dipnoi, Amphibia, Reptilia, and Mammalia.