Chapter 50: Q50.1-1CC (page 1110)
Which one of the five categories of sensory receptors is primarily dedicated to external stimuli?
Touch, taste, sound, smell, and vision are the external stimuli. The electromagnetic sensory receptor will respond to external stimuli; light energy converts electrical signals.
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When using your arms to lower yourself into a chair, you bend your arms without using your biceps. Explain how this is possible. (Hint: Think about gravity as an antagonistic force.)
The body masses of the animals used in these experiments ranged from about 0.001 g to 1,000,000 g, and their rates of energy use ranged from about 0.1 cal/(kg # m) to 100 cal/(kg # m). If you were to plot these data on a graph with linear instead of log scales for the axes, how would you draw the axes so that all data would be visible? What is the advantage of using log scales for plotting data with a wide range of values? (For additional information about graphs, see the Scientific Skills Review in Appendix F.)
Although some sharks close their eyes just before they bite, their bites are on target. Researchers have noted that sharks often misdirect their bites at metal objects and that they can find batteries buried under sand. This evidence suggests that sharks keep track of their prey during the split second before they bite in the same way that
(A) a rattlesnake finds a mouse in its burrow.
(B) an insect avoids being stepped on.
(C) a star-nosed mole locates its prey in tunnels.
(D) a platypus locates its prey in a muddy river.
In general, locomotion on land will require more energy than locomotion in water. By integrating what you learned about animal form and function in Unit 7, discuss some of the evolutionary adaptations of mammals that support the high energy requirements for moving on land.
Contrast the role of Ca2+ in the contraction of a skeletal muscle fiber and a smooth muscle cell.
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