Question

How do plasmodesmata differ from gap junctions?

Short answer

Gap junctions form protein-based channels among nearby cells, whereas plasmodesmata form continual membrane-lined channels between neighboring plasma membranes.

Step-by-step solution

Phloem as a superhighway

The phloem is a "superhighway" for the transfer of macromolecules and viruses, in addition to glucose. This transport is systemic (affects many or all parts of the body).

The phloem transports proteins of various sorts of RNA that enter the sieve tubes via plasmodesmata. Plasmodesmata, which are animal cells, are unusual in their capacity to RNA and traffic proteins.

Similarities of plasmodesmata and gap junction

Gap junctions in animal cells are identical to plant cells plasmodesmata. They are passageways between adjacent cells that allow ions, nutrients, and other molecules that permit cells to communicate to be transported.

Difference between plasmodesmata and gap junction

A gap junction is a protein channel that arises between two cells' plasma membranes. Every cell's plasma membrane is penetrated by one member of the protein, known as a connexon, and the connexons then connect.

The cytoplasm of one cell and the cytoplasm of the other form a continuous channel called gap junction. This protein channel is big enough to allow ions and tiny molecules to move from one cell to the other.

In contrast, plasmodesmata vary structurally from gap junctions yet provide the same function. Each plasmodesmata is a tunnel that runs through the cell wall between two plant cells.

Unlike gap junctions, the plasma membrane of one cell is linked to the plasma membrane of the neighboring cells, resulting in a small opening between the two.

As a result, the cytoplasm of both cells is linked, and tiny molecules can flow from one to the other. A desmotubule is a structure found in plasmodesma that connects to and continues the smooth endoplasmic reticula of both cells.