Question

Contrast the organizations of the rRNA gene family and the globin gene families. For each, explain how the existence of a family of genes benefits the organism.

Short answer

The rRNA gene family has identical copies of RNA and encode for the ribosomal RNA components while the globin gene family has small number of non-identical genes. The rRNA genes have identical transcriptional units for the three types of RNA products in the rRNA gene family

The rRNA genes are responsible for constructing ribosomal RNA to synthesize protein on ribosomes. The hemoglobin molecules are created by non-identical genes found in each globin gene and are responsible for the development and growth of the organism.

The globin gene family is responsible for transporting oxygen and has high affinity to bind oxygen.

Step-by-step solution

Globin gene families

The globin family consists of hemoglobin, cytoglobin, neuroglobin, and cytoglobin, a superfamily of globular proteins containing heme-group. They attribute the binding and transportation of oxygen as well as involved in incorporating the folding of globulin that has eight alpha-helical segments.

rRNA gene

The eukaryotic rRNA genes are highly repetitive and are responsible for producing blocks of tandem repeats that facilitate the core of nucleoli formation.These genes are necessary for life that help encode the major ribosomal rRNA species transcribed from DNA.

Differences in globin proteins

Each family of globin has small number of non-identical genes. These non-identical genes encode globin proteins differences and lead to the production of hemoglobin. The different globin genes have the property of encoding each globin subunit.

The subunit of globin consistsof a protein chain linked with a non-protein prosthetic heme-containing group.

The rRNA gene family has a single transcription unit called operon for different RNA such as rRNA,Mrna, and tRNA.The copies of the rRNA genes are required to synthesize rRNA for protein formation.

The globin gene family has non-identical genes that encode differences in the globin proteins and manufacture hemoglobin molecules. Hemoglobin is required for the particular development and growth of organisms.