Question

Which component is not directly involved in translation?

1. GTP

2. DNA

3. tRNA

4. ribosomes

Short answer

1. The option “GTP” isfalse.

2. The option “DNA” istrue.

3. The option “tRNA” is false.

4. The option “ribosomes” is false.

Step-by-step solution

Translation

The translation process mediates the synthesis of proteins from mRNA molecules with the help of tRNA and ribosomes. GTP (guanosine triphosphate) is used as a source of energy during translation.

Explanation of option (A)

GTP is hydrolyzed during translation. This provides energy that facilitates the binding of tRNA to the ribosomes. It also helps in the movement of ribosomes along the mRNA molecule.

Thus, GTP is involved in translation.

Therefore, the given option is false.

Explanation of option (B)

The transcription process mediates the synthesis of mRNA molecules using one of the DNA strands as a template. DNA has no role in translation.

Thus, DNA is not involved in translation.

Therefore, the given option is true.

Explanation of option (C)

tRNA recognizes mRNA codon and brings the appropriate amino acid to the mRNA molecules. It binds to the mRNA and delivers the amino acid to the polypeptide chain.

Thus, tRNA is involved in translation.

Therefore, the given option is false.

Explanation of option (D)

The ribosome binds to the mRNA molecules and joins the amino acids delivered by the tRNA to form the polypeptide chain.

Thus, ribosomes are involved in translation.

Therefore, the given option is false.