Question

Plants are more readily manipulated by genetic engineering than are animals because

(A) plant genes do not contain introns.

(B) more vectors are available for transferring recombinant

DNA into plant cells.

(C) a somatic plant cell can often give rise to a complete

plant.

(D) plant cells have larger nuclei.

Short answer

(A) The option “plant genes do not contain introns” is false.

(B) The option “more vectors are available for transferring recombinant DNA into plant cells” is false.

(C) The option “a somatic plant cell can often give rise to a complete plant” is true.

(D)The option “plant cells have larger nuclei” is false.

Step-by-step solution

Step 1: Genetic Engineering

Genetic engineering is the process of altering the genetic structure by using recombinant DNA technology. It involves the horizontal transmission of genes between two organisms that include the transfer of a gene from an organism to another.

The aim behind this technique is the production of desired phenotypes in an organism that can provide disease resistance, increased yield, and many other benefits.

Explanation of option ‘(A)’

Introns are segments of genes that do not express or code for proteins. They make a large part of the genome of the eukaryotes. These sequences interrupt the coding sequence of the genome in all of these organisms.

Thus, plants contain introns in their genome.

Therefore, the given option is false.

Explanation of option ‘(B)’

Many types of vectors are commonly used in recombinant DNA technology to transfer the DNA in a host. Mainly plasmids and virus-based vectors are used in plants and animal transformation.

Thus, vectors are available for plants and animals, both for carrying recombinant DNA.

Therefore, the given option is false.

Explanation of option ‘(C)’

Plants are able to produce a complete plant from only division in the single cell that involves the totipotency of the cell. In contrast, animals do not have the ability to undergo this type of propagation.

Thus, plants are easier to manipulate in comparison to animals.

Therefore, the given statement is true.

Explanation of option ‘(D)’

Nuclear size depends on the size of the cell in which it is found. Typically, it occupies 8 percent of the cell volume, and cell size depends on its function, not on the organism containing it.

Thus, it is not a reason for the easy genetic manipulation of a plant.

Therefore, the given statement is false.