Question

Which of the following best demonstrates the unity among all organisms?

a. Emergent properties

b. Descent with modification

c. The structure and function of DNA

d. Natural selection

Short answer

1. The option “emergent properties” isfalse.
2. The option “descent with modification” isfalse.
3. The option “the structure and function of DNA” istrue.
4. The option “natural selection” isfalse.

Step-by-step solution

Explanation of option “a”

Emergent properties are the property obtained by the combination of complex systems or simple elements. An example is the heart, which is a complex system with the main function of pumping blood and is made of heart cells, arteries, and veins that differ in properties.

Thus, the emergent properties are not the same in all organisms.

Therefore, the given statement is false.

Explanation of option “b”

The organism shares the standard ancestral features due to the descent with modifications. This inheritance of ancestral characteristics is the most crucial concept in the process of evolution and will differ with different ancestors.

Thus, the descent with modification is not common in all organisms.

Therefore, the given statement is false.

Explanation of option “c”

The genetic material is the DNA that is present in almost all eukaryotes. The structure and function of DNA are similar in all organisms. It is the biological substance that transfers the genetic information from one generation to the other generation.

Each gene will have a different pattern of arrangement of nucleotides, but the structure and composition remain similar. It consists of nucleotides such as adenine, guanine, thymine, and cytosine.

Thus, the structure and function of DNA are similar in all organisms.

Therefore, the given statement is true.

Explanation of option “d”

Natural selections are the phenomenon that occurs in the process of evolution. Darwin proposed the concept of natural selection.

In this process, the traits get selected by the natural environment. It helps in the sustenance of the population.

Thus, natural selection is not standard in all organisms. Therefore, the given statement is false.