Question

Protein phosphorylation is commonly involved with all of the following except

1. activation of receptor tyrosine kinases.
2. activation of protein kinase molecules.
3. activation of G-protein coupled receptors.

regulation of transcription by signaling molecules

Short answer

1. The option “activation of receptor tyrosine kinases” is false.
2. The option “activation of protein kinase molecules” is false.
3. The option “activation of G-protein coupled receptors” is true.
4. The option “regulation of transcription by signaling molecules” is false.

Step-by-step solution

Protein phosphorylation

Protein phosphorylation is the adding up of the phosphate groups to the amino acid sequences. It is the reverse process of post-translation modification. It is the regulatory metabolism of the body that controls proliferation and apoptosis mechanisms.

Explanation of option (A)

Receptor tyrosine kinase is involved in cell-to-cell communication. It is involved in other processes such as cell growth, motility, differentiation, and metabolism.

The protein phosphorylation involves the activation of receptor tyrosine kinase.

Therefore, the given statement is false.

Explanation of option (B)

The addition of phosphates to the other phosphates is done by the kinase enzyme known as a protein kinase. There are different types of genes present in the human genome, each of which stimulates specific molecules.

The protein phosphorylation activates the protein kinase molecules. Therefore, the given statement is false.

Explanation of option (C)

The transmembrane receptors present in the cells that predict the presence of signals and activate the cell cycle are known as G protein-coupled receptors.

The activation of G-protein coupled receptors happens via the binding of the receptor with a ligand or external stimuli. Thus, the protein phosphorylation does not activate the GPCR. Therefore, the given statement is true.

Explanation of option (D)

The signaling molecules can regulate the transcription process. It is the process that produces the mRNA. The transcription regulation can happen via the phosphorylation of the signaling molecules.

The phosphorylation of signaling molecules, in turn, regulates the transcription process.

Therefore, the given statement is false.