Question

Fat digestion yields fatty acids and glycerol. Protein digestion yields amino acids. Both digestive processes

(A) occur inside cells in most animals.

(B) add a water molecule to break bonds.

(C) require a low pH resulting from HCl production.

(D) consume ATP.

Short answer

(A) The option “occur inside cells in most animals” is false.

(B) The option “add a water molecule to break bonds” is true.

(C) The option “require a low pH resulting from HCl production” is false.

(D) The option “consume ATP” is false.

Step-by-step solution

Digestion

The water-soluble molecules are formed from the complex insoluble food molecules through the process called digestion. The absorption of digested substances is taken place in the small intestine. The nutrients obtained through digestion are used for energy, growth, and repair the damaged cells and tissues.

Explanation of option ‘(A)’

Small intestine is the site of protein and fat digestion. The glands of the small intestine release protease and lipase enzymes for the digestion of protein and fat, respectively.

Therefore, the digestion does not occur in the animal cells; it takes place in the specific organ, the small intestine.

Thus, the given option is false.

Explanation of option ‘(B)’

The chemical digestion of protein and fat occurs via hydrolysis. The protein and fat are breakdown as water-soluble amino acids and fatty acids respectively through hydrolysis and also by the action of enzymes. Enzymes such as protease and lipase speed up the process of hydrolysis.

Therefore, hydrolysis is the addition of water molecules that breaks the larger molecules into smaller ones.

Thus, the given option is true.

Explanation of option ‘(C)’

The low pH of the stomach acids assists in the digestion process. It breaks down proteins into smaller protein fragments and emulsifies fats. However, the complete chemical digestion of fats and protein takes place in the small intestine.

Therefore, the low pH of the stomach does not ensure the complete breakdown of protein and fat.

Thus, the given option is false.

Explanation of option ‘(D)’

Every cell consumes energy. ATP is also used by the cells throughout the digestive process. However, digestion is not ATP dependent, meaning it does not consume extra ATP. ATP is used for the signaling process during digestion.

Therefore, ATP is not consumed by protein and fat digestion. Digestion itself produces chemical and thermal energy.

Thus, the given option is false.