Question

Which structure is common to plant and animal cells?

(A) chloroplast

(B) central vacuole

(C) mitochondrion

(D) centriole

Short answer

(A) The option “chloroplast” is incorrect.

(B) The option “central vacuole” is incorrect.

(C) The option “mitochondrion” is correct.

(D) The option “centriole” isincorrect.

Step-by-step solution

Plant and animal cells

Plant and animal cells are categorized under the eukaryotic cell category. These both are known to contain membrane-bound organelles. They are different in certain aspects, such as possessing pigments like chlorophyll and cell wall in the case of plant cells.

Explanation for option (A)

Chloroplast is the organelle found only in the case of plants; this organelle is known to possess the network of grana. Each granum contains a thylakoid that is filled with sap. This organelle is an essential distinguishing factor in the case of animals and plants.

Thus, the option is incorrect.

Explanation for option (B)

Central vacuole is the characteristic feature in the case of plants. It is significant in size with the ability to hold the sap. It is surrounded by tonoplast. It can hold large amounts of extra sap and waste products, as well as toxins in the cell.

Thus, the option is incorrect.

Explanation for option (C)

Mitochondria are also known as the powerhouse. It is common in the case of animals and plants. It contains respiratory enzymes and is concerned with aerobic respiration in both animals and plants.

Thus, the option is correct.

Explanation for option (D)

The centriole is the organelle that marks its position in the centrosome and is like a barrel. It is absent in the case of plant cells but found in the case of animal cells; although it can be observed in some exceptions in the plant kingdom, but usually, it is absent.

Thus, the option is incorrect.