Question

Calculate the dosages to be given. Use labels where provided. Order: Epivir \(150 \mathrm{mg}\) p.o. bi.d. Available: Epivir oral solution labeled \(10 \mathrm{mg}\) per mL

Short answer

Give 15 mL of Epivir solution per dose, twice a day.

Step-by-step solution

Understand the Order

The doctor has ordered Epivir at a dose of 150 mg to be taken orally, twice a day (b.i.d.). This means the medicine needs to be administered every 12 hours.

Determine Available Concentration

Check the available medication label; it states that the oral solution of Epivir has a concentration of 10 mg/mL. This means each milliliter of the solution contains 10 mg of Epivir.

Calculate the Required Volume for One Dose

To determine the volume of solution needed for one dose, use the formula:\[\text{Required Volume (mL)} = \frac{\text{Ordered Dose (mg)}}{\text{Concentration (mg/mL)}}\]Substitute the given values:\[\text{Required Volume} = \frac{150 \text{ mg}}{10 \text{ mg/mL}} = 15 \text{ mL}\]The patient needs 15 mL of the solution for a single dose.

Check Frequency and Daily Volume

Since the medication is to be taken twice a day, calculate the daily total volume:\[\text{Daily Volume} = 2 \times 15 \text{ mL} = 30 \text{ mL}\]Therefore, the patient needs 15 mL per dose and a total of 30 mL of solution each day.

Key concepts

Understanding Oral Medication Administration

Oral medication administration is a common method for delivering drugs into the body. It involves taking medication by mouth, allowing it to pass through the digestive tract to be absorbed into the bloodstream. This method is often preferred due to its simplicity and non-invasive nature.
When administering oral medications, it's essential to follow the doctor's prescription accurately to ensure the correct dosage and timing. This ensures the medication works effectively and reduces the risk of side effects.

• Consider Timing: Medications like Epivir, prescribed twice a day, mean they should be given every 12 hours to maintain an even concentration in the body.
• Use Appropriate Tools: Utilize a medication cup or syringe for precise measurement, especially when calculating doses from a liquid solution.
• Patient Instructions: Explain to the patient how to take the medication correctly, including whether it should be taken with food or water.

Following these considerations can make oral medication administration safe and effective for the patient.

Pharmaceutical Calculations Essentials

Pharmaceutical calculations are critical in determining the correct drug dosage for administration. They ensure that the patient receives the exact amount of medication needed for treatment, neither too much nor too little.
In this exercise, we are tasked with calculating how much of an oral solution is required to meet the prescribed dose. This requires understanding of units such as milligrams (mg) and milliliters (mL), and the concentration of medications.

• Identify Correct Units: Dosages are often given in milligrams, whereas liquid medications are measured in volume like milliliters.
• Utilize Formulas: Use simple formulas such as \[\text{Required Volume (mL)} = \frac{\text{Ordered Dose (mg)}}{\text{Concentration (mg/mL)}}\]
  to convert drug dosages into the amount to administer.
• Double-Check Work: Verification of calculations helps prevent medication errors which can have serious consequences.

Mastering these calculations ensures the safety and efficacy of pharmacological treatments.

Importance of Nursing Dosage Calculations

Nursing dosage calculations are a vital skill for any nurse involved in the direct care of patients. Proper calculation ensures the therapeutic effectiveness of medication while minimizing the risk of overdose or underdose.
Nurses need to be comfortable performing dosage calculations regularly, as they often deal with variations in medication types and dosing regimens.

• Ensure Patient Safety: Accurate calculations protect patients from the risks associated with incorrect dosages.
• Understand Medication Orders: Nurses must carefully interpret medical orders and comprehend the required dosage frequency and volume.
• Precision in Calculation: Precision is key, as even small errors can affect patient health.

Consistent practice and attentiveness in dosage calculations reinforce the nurse's ability to provide high-quality patient care.