Question

Calculate the dosage of insulin where necessary, and shade the dosage on the syringe provided. Labels have been provided for some problems. Order: Humulin R U-100 30 units subcut and Humulin N U-100 40 units subcut every day at 8: 00 AM.

Short answer

Administer 30 units of Humulin R and 40 units of Humulin N as ordered.

Step-by-step solution

Understanding the Order

The order requires administering two types of insulin: Humulin R U-100 and Humulin N U-100. It specifies 30 units of Humulin R and 40 units of Humulin N to be administered subcutaneously every day at 8:00 AM.

Marking Dosage on Syringe

For U-100 insulin syringes, the scale is in units rather than milliliters. First, locate the 30-unit mark on the syringe. This corresponds to the dosage for Humulin R. Shade the area starting from 0 up to 30 units. Then, locate the 40-unit mark for Humulin N on a separate syringe or the same type if using a combination syringe, and shade from 0 up to 40 units.

Administering the Insulin

After confirming the correct dosage on the syringe, prepare to administer each insulin type subcutaneously. Ensure proper technique by sanitizing the injection area and injecting at the correct angle. Humulin R should generally be administered around 15-30 minutes before eating, unless otherwise instructed by a healthcare provider.

Key concepts

Insulin Administration

Administering insulin is a fundamental procedure for individuals with diabetes who require regulation of their blood sugar levels. It involves delivering insulin injections based on a prescribed dosage and schedule, which is essential for effective diabetes management.
Administering insulin needs to be done accurately to ensure safety. It often involves calculating and measuring the correct dose of insulin as prescribed. This is particularly important with different insulin types like Humulin R and Humulin N, each having specific onset, peak, and duration times.
To ensure efficacy:

• Understand timing - Humulin R is rapid-acting and typically taken just before meals. Humulin N is intermediate-acting and controls sugar between meals.
• Consistency - Administer at the same time each day, such as 8:00 AM as in this exercise.
• Observe storage guidelines - Insulin must be stored correctly, either refrigerated or at a stable room temperature after opening.

Syringe Marking

Syringes used for insulin administration have markings that help determine the accurate dosage. Understanding these markings is essential for delivering the right amount of insulin.
Most insulin syringes are calibrated in units which correlate directly to the hormone dosages needed. For instance, U-100 syringes are marked in intervals of 1 unit up to 100; hence a 30-unit dosage of Humulin R should be measured precisely at the 30-unit mark on such a syringe.
To efficiently read syringe markings:

• Hold the syringe at eye level for precision.
• Shade the area from zero to ensure clarity up to the prescribed dose.
• Use separate syringes or a combination syringe for different insulin types to prevent cross-contamination.

Subcutaneous Injection

A subcutaneous injection involves inserting a needle into the tissue layer between the skin and the muscle. This is where insulin injections are typically administered because it ensures gradual absorption into the bloodstream.
Proper technique is key. This involves:

• Sanitizing the injection site, usually on the abdomen, thigh, or upper arm.
• Pinching the skin gently to avoid muscle penetration.
• Inserting the needle at a 45 to 90-degree angle, depending on the needle length and body fat of the patient.
• Avoiding rubbing the site post-injection to prevent speeding up insulin absorption.

Maintaining hygiene and rotation of injection sites is vital to avoid complications like lipoatrophy, which is the local loss of fat tissue.

Healthcare Procedures

Adhering to standardized healthcare procedures when administering insulin is vital for safety and effectiveness. These procedures ensure that every step of insulin administration follows guidelines to achieve the best outcomes for the patient.
Healthcare professionals follow protocols such as:

• Patient verification to confirm identity and type of insulin needed.
• Review of patient history for any possible insulin interactions or allergies.
• Regular training and skills updates for proper administration techniques.
• Record keeping of insulin doses and patient responses for continuous care and adjustment if necessary.

Following these methods helps maintain high standards of care and minimizes errors in insulin administration.