Question

Order: Ativan \(1 \mathrm{mg}\) p.o. q4h p.r.n. for agitation. Available: Ativan tablets labeled \(0.5 \mathrm{mg}\)

Short answer

Administer 2 tablets (0.5 mg each) per dose.

Step-by-step solution

Understand the Prescription

The prescription is to give 1 mg of Ativan orally every 4 hours as needed for agitation. This means that if the patient shows signs of agitation, they can receive 1 mg of Ativan up to every 4 hours.

Check Available Dosage

You have Ativan tablets labeled as 0.5 mg. This means each tablet contains 0.5 mg of Ativan.

Calculate Number of Tablets Needed

To provide a 1 mg dose using 0.5 mg tablets, calculate the number of tablets needed. You need to administer 1 mg, and since each tablet is 0.5 mg, use the equation: \( \text{Number of tablets} = \frac{1 \text{ mg}}{0.5 \text{ mg/tablet}} \). Performing the division gives: 2 tablets.

Confirm Calculation

Double check that 2 tablets of 0.5 mg each indeed provide the required 1 mg dose: \( 2 \text{ tablets} \times 0.5 \text{ mg/tablet} = 1 \text{ mg} \). Thus, the calculation is correct.

Key concepts

Medication Administration

Medication administration is a critical aspect of healthcare, especially for nurses, because it directly impacts patient safety and treatment effectiveness. Administering medication involves carefully reviewing the doctor's orders, ensuring the right patient, dose, and timing, and monitoring the medication's effects on the patient.

A healthcare professional must understand the medication's purpose to provide effective medication administration. For example, in our exercise, Ativan is prescribed to alleviate agitation. This means that the nurse needs to closely observe the patient for symptoms of agitation to determine when to administer the medication. Monitoring for effectiveness and any potential side effects is also important to ensure that the patient receives the maximum benefit from the treatment.

Correct documentation of all responses to the medication is another crucial step. This ensures continuity of care and helps other healthcare professionals in managing the patient's future treatment.

Nursing Calculations

Nursing calculations are essential skills for accurately determining medication dosages and ensuring safe patient care. They require nurses to have a strong understanding of mathematical concepts and attention to detail.

In our example, the nurse must calculate how many tablets to give to fulfill the required 1 mg dosage, given that each tablet is 0.5 mg. This involves dividing the desired dose (1 mg) by the dose per tablet (0.5 mg per tablet), which results in 2 tablets.

Let's break this down even more simply:

• Desired Dose: 1 mg
• Tablet Strength: 0.5 mg per tablet
• Calculation: Number of tablets = \( \frac{1 \text{ mg}}{0.5 \text{ mg/tablet}} \)
• Result: 2 tablets needed

By performing this calculation, the nurse ensures that they provide the correct dosage and adhere to the medical prescription, which is fundamental for patient safety.

Drug Dosage

Drug dosage refers to the specific amount of medication prescribed to achieve the desired therapeutic effect. Understanding how to calculate drug dosages accurately is vital for all healthcare professionals, as it ensures the patient receives the intended benefit of the medication.

Various factors can influence drug dosage requirements, such as the patient's age, weight, liver, and kidney function. Nurses need to be aware of these factors to adjust dosages when necessary appropriately.

In the example scenario, the doctor ordered Ativan 1 mg to be given as needed. The nurse has 0.5 mg tablets available and must determine that 2 tablets are required to meet the doctor's order of 1 mg. This application of drug dosage calculation ensures that the patient receives the correct amount of medication to manage their symptoms effectively.

It's crucial always to cross-verify calculations to prevent dosing errors, which can lead to ineffective treatment or adverse drug reactions. In this instance, confirming that 2 tablets of 0.5 mg each equals 1 mg protects the patient and maintains high standards of care.