Question

Which hormone receptors are blocked by drospirenone? (A) aldosterone and androgen receptors (B) estrogen and progestin receptors (C) only progestin receptors (D) only gonadotropin receptors (E) only glucocorticoid receptors

Short answer

Drospirenone blocks (A) aldosterone and androgen receptors.

Step-by-step solution

Understand the Role of Drospirenone

Drospirenone is a synthetic progestin with properties similar to natural progesterone. This type of hormone is often used in contraceptives for its ability to mimic the natural effects of progesterone in the body.

Identify the Known Effects of Drospirenone

Drospirenone is known to have anti-mineralocorticoid properties, meaning it can block aldosterone receptors, reducing water retention. Additionally, it possesses anti-androgenic properties, meaning it can block androgen receptors, reducing acne and body hair growth.

Analyze the Available Options

Given the properties of drospirenone, the correct answer would involve receptors related to aldosterone and androgens. Evaluating the options: - (A) aldosterone and androgen receptors perfectly matches the known properties of drospirenone. - The other options involve different hormones and are not related to the primary blocking actions of drospirenone.

Select the Correct Answer

Based on the known properties and mechanisms of action of drospirenone, the correct option is (A) aldosterone and androgen receptors, as these are the receptors blocked by the anti-mineralocorticoid and anti-androgenic activities of drospirenone.

Key concepts

Drospirenone Properties

Drospirenone is a synthetic hormone that mimics the properties of natural progesterone. It is widely used in birth control pills and hormone replacement therapy because of its beneficial effects on the body. Some of the key properties of drospirenone include:

• Anti-mineralocorticoid activity: It reduces water retention and can help with conditions like bloating.
• Anti-androgenic activity: Drospirenone helps reduce symptoms like acne and excessive hair growth by blocking specific hormone receptors.

Thanks to these attributes, drospirenone is particularly favored in contraceptives, making it a versatile option for hormonal regulation.

Aldosterone Receptor

Aldosterone receptors are found in cells of the kidneys and are responsible for regulating water and electrolyte balance in the body. Aldosterone, a hormone produced by the adrenal glands, binds to these receptors to increase sodium reabsorption and potassium excretion, which leads to water retention. However, the anti-mineralocorticoid property of drospirenone means it can block these receptors. Such blocking action helps decrease water retention, which can be beneficial in treating premenstrual syndrome or hypertension in some cases. Thus, drospirenone's inhibition of aldosterone receptors is a crucial aspect of its effectiveness in managing fluid retention issues.

Androgen Receptor

Androgen receptors play a key role in the body's response to male hormones, known as androgens, such as testosterone. These receptors are present in various tissues, including the skin and hair follicles. When androgens bind to these receptors, it can lead to increased sebum production and hair growth. Drospirenone exerts its anti-androgenic effect by blocking these androgen receptors. This action helps lessen androgen-driven conditions like acne and hirsutism (excessive hair growth). By targeting androgen receptors, drospirenone contributes to clearer skin and reduced body hair, appealing attributes in contraceptive choice.

Anti-mineralocorticoid

Anti-mineralocorticoid refers to the ability to counteract or block the effects of mineralocorticoids, like aldosterone. Mineralocorticoids are hormones that help regulate the balance of water and electrolytes in the body.
Drospirenone is known for its anti-mineralocorticoid properties. By blocking the effects of aldosterone, drospirenone helps reduce the body's retention of sodium and water. This can be particularly helpful for individuals who experience water retention due to hormonal changes or conditions like premenstrual syndrome.

• Reduces bloating and fluid retention.
• May aid in managing hypertension.

Therefore, drospirenone's anti-mineralocorticoid property is an important aspect of its therapeutic benefits.

Anti-androgenic Activity

Anti-androgenic activity refers to the ability to block the biological effects of androgens in the body. Androgens are responsible for developments like oily skin and excessive body hair.
Drospirenone demonstrates anti-androgenic activity by inhibiting androgen receptors. This effect is beneficial for individuals who suffer from conditions exacerbated by androgens, like acne or seborrhea.

• Helps reduce acne breakouts and improve skin texture.
• Limits excessive hair growth across the body.

By counteracting the effects of male hormones, drospirenone enhances its role in contraceptive formulations, offering additional dermatological benefits.