Question

A set of cells that host various DNA fragments collectively representing an organism's entire set of genetic information is called a __________ a. genome b. DNA library c. clone d. polymorphism

Short answer

The answer is b. DNA library.

Step-by-step solution

Understand the Question

The question asks for a term that describes a set of cells containing DNA fragments which collectively represent the entire genetic information of an organism.

Review the Options

Examine each option to understand what it represents: - **Genome**: The complete set of genes or genetic material present in a cell or organism. - **DNA Library**: A collection of DNA fragments that have been cloned into various vectors for further study. - **Clone**: An identical copy of a DNA fragment, cell, or organism. - **Polymorphism**: The presence of genetic variation within a population.

Evaluate Each Option

Compare the definitions to the question. - **Genome** refers to the entire set of genetic material, but not necessarily a collection of DNA fragments in cells. - **DNA Library** fits the description given, as it is a collection of DNA fragments used to represent the complete genetic material. - **Clone** and **Polymorphism** do not describe a collection of fragments representing an organism's entire genetic information.

Choose the Correct Answer

Based on the evaluations, the correct term for a set of cells hosting DNA fragments that collectively represent an organism's entire set of genetic information is a **DNA library**.

Key concepts

Genetic Information and Its Importance

Genetic information is like the blueprint of life. It is the set of coded instructions found in every living organism, determining everything from the color of your eyes to the structure of a leaf on a plant. This information is stored in the form of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid), which is made up of sequences of nucleotides. Each nucleotide consists of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base. The sequence of these bases encodes genetic information.

Understanding genetic information is crucial because it influences how organisms grow, develop, and function. It helps in understanding hereditary traits and how these traits are passed from one generation to the next. Genetic information can also provide insights into genetic disorders, allowing for better diagnosis and treatment.

In research, scientists often create a DNA library, which is a collection of DNA fragments. This library can represent the full genetic information of an organism, enabling researchers to study specific genes more efficiently. Building a DNA library allows for the exploration of genetic sequences without having to examine the entire genome directly.

What is a Genome?

The term "genome" refers to the entire set of genes or genetic material present within the cells of an organism. Whether it's a single-celled organism like bacteria or a complex multicellular one like humans, the genome encompasses all the genetic data required for the organism's life processes.

The concept of the genome includes both the genes, which code for proteins, and the non-coding sequences of DNA. Despite not encoding proteins, non-coding DNA has essential roles in regulating gene expression and maintaining the genome's structural integrity.

Studying the genome is fundamental to understanding the biology of any organism. It helps in identifying the functions of genes, understanding evolutionary relationships between species, and discovering variations that may contribute to diseases. Researchers can map the genome of an organism through processes like genome sequencing, providing a window into its biological instructions and potential vulnerabilities.

Understanding Genetic Variation

Genetic variation is the diversity found within the genetic makeup of individuals in a population. It is primarily caused by mutations, genetic recombination during sexual reproduction, and other random processes that alter the DNA sequence.

Genetic variation plays a critical role in evolution, as it allows populations to adapt to changing environments. It is a driving force behind the process of natural selection, as individuals with favorable traits are more likely to survive and reproduce.

There are several types of genetic variation:

• SNPs (Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms): Variations in a single nucleotide base in the genome, which can influence traits and susceptibility to diseases.
• Insertions and Deletions: Small segments of DNA are inserted or deleted, leading to changes in the protein structure.
• Copy Number Variations: Alterations in the number of copies of a particular gene or genomic region.

Exploring genetic variation helps researchers understand the complexity of genetic disorders and the potential benefits of personalized medicine. It can lead to the development of new treatments and preventative strategies and provide insights into biodiversity and the adaptability of species to environmental challenges.