Question

Name the three accessory glands of the male reproductive tract. What are the functions of the secretions they produce?

Short answer

The three accessory glands of the male reproductive tract are the seminal vesicles, prostate gland, and bulbourethral glands. The seminal vesicles secrete a fluid containing fructose and prostaglandins, providing energy to sperm and aiding in motility and capacitation. The prostate gland's secretions contribute to semen volume and provide necessary nutrients for sperm, and its enzymes break down clotting factors in the female reproductive tract. The bulbourethral glands secrete a lubricating fluid that neutralizes acidic urine residue in the urethra, protecting sperm from harmful acidity.

Step-by-step solution

Identify the three accessory glands of the male reproductive tract

The three accessory glands of the male reproductive tract are the seminal vesicles, the prostate gland, and the bulbourethral glands.

Describe the functions of the seminal vesicles' secretions

The seminal vesicles secrete a viscous, yellowish fluid that contains fructose, prostaglandins, and other substances. Fructose serves as an energy source for sperm, allowing them to swim and function properly. Prostaglandins aid in sperm motility and contribute to the process of sperm capacitation, enabling sperm to penetrate and fertilize the egg. The fluid produced by the seminal vesicles also helps to neutralize the acidity of the female reproductive tract, thereby providing a more suitable environment for sperm.

Describe the functions of the prostate gland's secretions

The prostate gland produces a thin, milky fluid that contains substances such as enzymes, calcium, citric acid, and other components. The secretions from the prostate gland contribute to the overall volume of semen and provide sperm with the necessary nutrients and chemical conditions for optimal function. Additionally, the enzymes in prostate secretions help break down clotting factors in the female reproductive tract, allowing sperm to more easily swim and move through the tract to reach the egg for fertilization.

Describe the functions of the bulbourethral glands' secretions

The bulbourethral glands, also known as Cowper's glands, secrete a clear, viscous fluid that plays a crucial role in lubrication during sexual intercourse. This fluid, often referred to as pre-ejaculate or pre-seminal fluid, is released before ejaculation and helps to neutralize any remaining acidic urine residue in the urethra, protecting sperm from the harmful effects of acidity. This offers a more favorable environment for sperm when they travel through the male reproductive tract and enter the female reproductive tract.