Chapter 23: Problem 13
Match the organisms with their descriptions. _____echinoderms _____mollusks _____sponges cnidarians _____flatworms _____roundworms _____annelids _____arthropods a. complete gut, pseudocoelom b. tube feet, spiny skin c. simplest organ systems d. body with lots of pores e. jointed exoskeleton f. mantle over body mass g. segmented worms h. tentacles with stinging cells
Short Answer
Expert verified
Echinoderms: b, Mollusks: f, Cnidarians (Sponges): h, Sponges: d, Flatworms: c, Roundworms: a, Annelids: g, Arthropods: e.
Step by step solution
01
Understanding Echinoderms
Echinoderms are known for their unique characteristics such as tube feet and spiny skin. Based on the descriptions given, match 'b. tube feet, spiny skin' with echinoderms.
02
Identifying Mollusks
Mollusks typically have a body structure that includes a mantle over the mass of organs. Match 'f. mantle over body mass' with mollusks.
03
Recognizing Cnidarians
Cnidarians are known for having tentacles equipped with stinging cells, which they use to capture prey. Thus, match 'h. tentacles with stinging cells' with cnidarians.
04
Pinpointing Sponges
Sponges are defined by their porous body structure, which has many holes or pores. Match 'd. body with lots of pores' with sponges.
05
Associating Flatworms
Flatworms are known for their simplicity among the animals listed, possessing the most basic organ systems. Therefore, match 'c. simplest organ systems' with flatworms.
06
Identifying Roundworms
Roundworms have a complete digestive tract and a body cavity known as a pseudocoelom. Match 'a. complete gut, pseudocoelom' with roundworms.
07
Associating Annelids
Annelids are segmented worms, meaning their bodies are divided into repeated segments. Match 'g. segmented worms' with annelids.
08
Recognizing Arthropods
Arthropods include animals with jointed exoskeletons, such as insects and crustaceans. Therefore, match 'e. jointed exoskeleton' with arthropods.
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Key Concepts
These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.
Echinoderms
Echinoderms are an intriguing group of marine animals that stand out due to their distinctive features. If you've ever wondered what creatures like starfish and sea urchins have in common, look no further than their tube feet and spiny skin. These adaptations are not only fascinating to observe but play vital roles in their survival.
**Structure and Movement**
Echinoderms have an internal skeleton made of calcareous plates, often spiny, extending through the skin. Their remarkable tube feet operate through a hydraulic system, allowing these animals to move, cling onto surfaces, and capture food. This movement mechanism is unique among marine animals and highlights their adaptive evolution.
**Symmetry and Regeneration**
Another cool feature is their radial symmetry, meaning their body parts are arranged around a central axis. This is not just aesthetically pleasing, but it also helps them survive in their habitats. Moreover, echinoderms possess an extraordinary regenerative ability, capable of regrowing lost limbs, which is a fantastic adaptation against predators.
**Structure and Movement**
Echinoderms have an internal skeleton made of calcareous plates, often spiny, extending through the skin. Their remarkable tube feet operate through a hydraulic system, allowing these animals to move, cling onto surfaces, and capture food. This movement mechanism is unique among marine animals and highlights their adaptive evolution.
**Symmetry and Regeneration**
Another cool feature is their radial symmetry, meaning their body parts are arranged around a central axis. This is not just aesthetically pleasing, but it also helps them survive in their habitats. Moreover, echinoderms possess an extraordinary regenerative ability, capable of regrowing lost limbs, which is a fantastic adaptation against predators.
Mollusks
Mollusks represent one of the most diverse and widespread groups in the animal kingdom and can be found in virtually every habitat on Earth. Their most noticeable feature is their soft body, usually protected by a hard shell.
**The Mantle and Shell Formation**
The defining characteristic of mollusks is the mantle—a significant body structure that secretes calcium carbonate to form the shell. This shell acts as a protective armor, shielding the mollusk from predators and environmental elements.
**Diverse Forms**
Mollusks range from the simple and primitive to the complex and highly developed. Examples include snails, which have a spiral shell, clams with a bivalve shell, and the highly intelligent octopus, which lacks a shell altogether. This diversity is primarily due to their evolutionary success and adaptability in different environments.
**Feeding and Respiration**
Mollusks employ various methods for feeding: some graze on algae, while others, like octopuses, are skilled hunters. They have a radula—a tongue-like organ with tiny teeth, which helps in food ingestion. Additionally, most mollusks breathe through gills, facilitating gaseous exchange in aquatic environments.
**The Mantle and Shell Formation**
The defining characteristic of mollusks is the mantle—a significant body structure that secretes calcium carbonate to form the shell. This shell acts as a protective armor, shielding the mollusk from predators and environmental elements.
**Diverse Forms**
Mollusks range from the simple and primitive to the complex and highly developed. Examples include snails, which have a spiral shell, clams with a bivalve shell, and the highly intelligent octopus, which lacks a shell altogether. This diversity is primarily due to their evolutionary success and adaptability in different environments.
**Feeding and Respiration**
Mollusks employ various methods for feeding: some graze on algae, while others, like octopuses, are skilled hunters. They have a radula—a tongue-like organ with tiny teeth, which helps in food ingestion. Additionally, most mollusks breathe through gills, facilitating gaseous exchange in aquatic environments.
Cnidarians
Cnidarians are captivating organisms known for their tentacles armed with specialized cells called cnidocytes. These stinging cells are a hallmark of the cnidarian group, which includes jellyfish, sea anemones, and corals.
**Structure and Function**
Cnidarians typically exhibit a simple body plan consisting of a mouth surrounded by tentacles. Their bodies are mostly jelly-like, with two layers of cells called the epidermis and gastrodermis. The stinging cells play a crucial role not only in capturing prey but also in defense.
**Life Cycle and Symmetry**
Cnidarians showcase remarkable life cycles, often alternating between a sessile polyp form and a free-floating medusa form (as seen in jellyfish). They also display radial symmetry, allowing them to efficiently capture prey from any direction.
**Ecosystem Role**
Certain cnidarians, like corals, are vital to marine ecosystems, forming coral reefs that harbor immense biodiversity. These reefs provide habitats and food sources for numerous marine species, underlining the ecological significance of cnidarian species.
**Structure and Function**
Cnidarians typically exhibit a simple body plan consisting of a mouth surrounded by tentacles. Their bodies are mostly jelly-like, with two layers of cells called the epidermis and gastrodermis. The stinging cells play a crucial role not only in capturing prey but also in defense.
**Life Cycle and Symmetry**
Cnidarians showcase remarkable life cycles, often alternating between a sessile polyp form and a free-floating medusa form (as seen in jellyfish). They also display radial symmetry, allowing them to efficiently capture prey from any direction.
**Ecosystem Role**
Certain cnidarians, like corals, are vital to marine ecosystems, forming coral reefs that harbor immense biodiversity. These reefs provide habitats and food sources for numerous marine species, underlining the ecological significance of cnidarian species.
Annelids
Annelids are a fascinating group of segmented worms that include earthworms and leeches. Their body is made up of repeating segments, each containing components of various body systems.
**Segmentation and Locomotion**
The segmentation in annelids is not just a physical characteristic but a major evolutionary advancement. Each segment contains muscle groups that help in movement, giving annelids exceptional flexibility and enabling burrowing through soil or sediments.
**Circulatory System and Respiration**
These worms boast a closed circulatory system with blood vessels, which is more efficient than the open systems found in many invertebrates. While earthworms typically respire through their skin, some aquatic annelids have gills for breathing, underlining their adaptability.
**Role in the Environment**
Annelids like earthworms play a crucial role in improving soil structure and fertility. Their burrowing activity aerates the soil, enhancing water drainage and nutrient cycling, which benefits plant growth. Therefore, annelids are not only interesting creatures from an evolutionary perspective but also invaluable to ecosystems.
**Segmentation and Locomotion**
The segmentation in annelids is not just a physical characteristic but a major evolutionary advancement. Each segment contains muscle groups that help in movement, giving annelids exceptional flexibility and enabling burrowing through soil or sediments.
**Circulatory System and Respiration**
These worms boast a closed circulatory system with blood vessels, which is more efficient than the open systems found in many invertebrates. While earthworms typically respire through their skin, some aquatic annelids have gills for breathing, underlining their adaptability.
**Role in the Environment**
Annelids like earthworms play a crucial role in improving soil structure and fertility. Their burrowing activity aerates the soil, enhancing water drainage and nutrient cycling, which benefits plant growth. Therefore, annelids are not only interesting creatures from an evolutionary perspective but also invaluable to ecosystems.
