Question

A set of cells that host various DNA fragments collectively representing an organism's entire set of genetic information is a ________. a. genome c. genomic library b. clone d. GMO

Short answer

The correct answer is "genomic library" (option c).

Step-by-step solution

Understand the Options

Read each option carefully to understand what it represents. A 'genome' is the entire genetic material of an organism. A 'clone' refers to an exact genetic replica of an organism or a gene. A 'GMO' (Genetically Modified Organism) is an organism whose genetic material has been altered using genetic engineering techniques. A 'genomic library' is a collection of DNA fragments that together represent the entire genome of an organism.

Analyze the Question

The question asks for a term that describes a set of cells hosting various DNA fragments, collectively representing an organism's entire genetic information. Specifically, this description matches the concept of a 'genomic library', which is designed to house and organize DNA fragments covering the whole genome.

Match Definition to Term

Identify which option best fits the definition from the question. A 'genome' and a 'clone' focus on the genetic content itself, while 'GMO' focuses on genetic modification. A 'genomic library' is specifically a collection of cells containing diverse DNA fragments that when combined give the whole genetic makeup. Therefore, it fits the definition provided by the question.

Confirm Once More

Verify that a 'genomic library' indeed matches the question's parameters of containing DNA fragments collectively representing the entire genome.

Key concepts

Genome

The genome of an organism is like its unique blueprint. It contains all the genetic material essential for that organism's development, functioning, and reproduction.
Each genome is packed with information that determines an organism's characteristics. Understanding a genome involves:

• The total set of DNA, which includes genes as well as non-coding sequences.
• Chromosomes, which are structures within cells that handle the many strands of DNA.
• Both nuclear DNA (found in the cell's nucleus) and mitochondrial DNA (found in mitochondria).

The genome is the complete set of instructions that an organism needs to grow and live. These genetic instructions are maintained over generations and are unique to each species.

DNA Fragments

DNA fragments are the smaller pieces of DNA that arise when a DNA strand is broken down. Think of them as individual pieces of a larger puzzle. Each fragment holds a part of the genetic information needed to reconstruct the entire image, or in this case, the organism's full genetic code. DNA fragments are important because:

• They allow scientists to analyze specific regions of a genome without needing the whole.
• They are often used in genetic engineering and research for cloning specific genes.
• They serve as building blocks in creating genomic libraries.

By studying DNA fragments, scientists can learn a lot about an organism's genome, including variations and mutations that might affect its development or health.

Genetic Information

Genetic information is the set of instructions found in genes that dictate how an organism develops and functions. It’s encoded within the sequence of nucleotides in the DNA. Key points about genetic information include:

• It is the basis for proteins synthesis, which are vital for cellular functions.
• Genetic information is inherited from one generation to the next.
• Mutations or changes in genetic information can lead to variations in traits or even diseases.

Every living organism has its unique genetic information, which determines individual traits such as eye color or susceptibility to certain conditions. Understanding genetic information is crucial in fields like medicine, where it aids in diagnosing genetic disorders.

Collection of Cells

A collection of cells hosting various DNA fragments is essentially a genomic library. Imagine a library where each book represents a small collection of DNA fragments.
When these are put together, they make up the entire genome of an organism. The purpose of a genomic library is to:

• Provide a resource for researchers to access and study the complete genetic material of an organism.
• Preserve the genetic material for future studies and gene mapping.
• Enable detailed analysis of individual genes or specific genomic regions.

In a genomic library, each "book" or cell contains a different DNA fragment, making it a comprehensive resource for understanding an organism's entire genetic blueprint.