Question

Transgenic _________ can pass a foreign gene to offspring. a. plants c. bacteria b. animals d. all of the above

Short answer

d. all of the above

Step-by-step solution

Understand the Term 'Transgenic'

A transgenic organism contains a foreign gene that has been inserted into its genome artificially through genetic engineering. This ability is not limited to one specific group of organisms.

Evaluate Option a: Transgenic Plants

Transgenic plants, such as certain genetically modified crops, can pass foreign genes to their offspring through sexual reproduction or via seed production.

Evaluate Option b: Transgenic Animals

Transgenic animals, like mice used in laboratory studies, can inherit foreign genes through reproduction. These animals are bred to pass on the inserted genes to their offspring.

Evaluate Option c: Transgenic Bacteria

Although bacteria primarily reproduce asexually, they can transfer genes through processes like transformation, transduction, or conjugation, thus passing foreign genes to subsequent generations.

Conclusion on All Options

Since transgenic plants, animals, and bacteria each have methods to pass on foreign genes to their offspring, the answer must encompass all options provided.

Key concepts

Genetic Engineering

Genetic engineering is the process of altering the genetic makeup of an organism. This is done by directly manipulating its DNA. It involves cutting, modifying, and inserting one or more genes into the DNA of an organism. This technique is highly controlled and is performed using special tools and methods.

Genetic engineering allows scientists to develop organisms with desirable traits. For example, crops can be engineered to resist pests or tolerate herbicides. This process not only has applications in agriculture but also in medicine and environmental science.

• Advanced genetic tools can lead to the production of pharmaceuticals.
• Beneficial traits can lead to increased crop yields.

Understanding genetic engineering is crucial for grasping how transgenic organisms are created.

Foreign Gene

A foreign gene refers to a piece of DNA that comes from a different species. This gene is inserted into the genome of a host organism through genetic engineering. The goal is to express a desired trait in the host that the foreign gene encodes.

Inserting a foreign gene means it becomes part of the organism's genetic code, much like a new recipe added to a cookbook. The organism’s cells will then produce proteins according to the new gene, creating new traits or characteristics that did not exist before.

• Foreign genes are usually inserted to improve characteristics.
• They can also be used to produce substances like insulin in bacteria.

This method is critical for advancing scientific research and enhancing industrial and agricultural processes.

Gene Inheritance

Gene inheritance describes how genetic information is passed on from parent to offspring. It includes the transmission of genes during the formation of new life. Transgenic organisms are capable of inheriting foreign genes just like any other genetic material.

In plants and animals, gene inheritance is usually sexual, meaning two parents are involved. This allows the new genes to be naturally incorporated into their offspring. In bacteria, gene inheritance often happens asexually, where a single organism can split to produce offspring. However, bacteria can exchange genetic material in several ways that allow foreign genes to transfer, such as conjugation.

• Understanding inheritance is important for predicting traits in the next generation.
• It helps in the study of genetics and evolution.

Gene inheritance is a fundamental concept for breeders and scientists alike, enabling them to continue refining organisms.

Reproduction Methods

Reproduction methods refer to how organisms create offspring, passing on their genetic material to the next generation. In the context of transgenic organisms, these methods ensure that foreign genes are maintained and expressed in future generations.

In plants, reproduction can be through seeds, where sexual reproduction occurs. In animals, sexual reproduction involves the merging of genetic material from two parents. Bacteria use methods like binary fission for asexual reproduction but can also acquire new genes through additional processes.

• Each method has unique processes to ensure genes are passed on.
• Techniques like "gene silencing" can be used to control unwanted gene expression.

These methods are critical for the continuity and stability of transgenic traits across generations.