Question

Molecules that are found in living cells and contain the element ___________ are considered organic molecules. a. hydrogen b. carbon c. oxygen d. nitrogen e. calcium

Short answer

b. carbon

Step-by-step solution

Understand the concept of organic molecules

Organic molecules, by definition, are molecules that contain carbon atoms. They may also contain elements like hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, etc., but the presence of carbon is the defining characteristic.

Evaluate the Options

Looking at the options provided, assess which element is essential for a molecule to be considered organic.

Select the correct option

Based on the definition of organic molecules and considering the options, the answer is 'b. carbon' because carbon is the primary element found in organic molecules etched into the definition.

Key concepts

carbon atoms

The essential building block of organic molecules is the carbon atom. Carbon is incredibly versatile due to its four valence electrons. This allows it to form up to four stable covalent bonds with other atoms. As a result, carbon atoms can create a vast array of complex structures, including long chains and rings.
These structures are the foundation of molecules like proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids, which are crucial for life. Without carbon, the complexity of organic life as we know it wouldn't be possible.
Furthermore, the ability of carbon atoms to bond with one another and with various other elements makes it uniquely suited to serve as the backbone for organic molecules.

definition of organic

When we talk about organic molecules, we're referring to compounds that include carbon atoms. Despite potentially containing hydrogen, oxygen, and other elements, the defining feature of organic molecules is the presence of carbon. This is because carbon atoms can combine in varied ways to create nearly limitless structural possibilities.
Organic molecules make up the majority of the biochemistry within living organisms and are integral to all forms of life. They include substances like sugars, fats, amino acids, and nucleic acids, all requiring carbon as a key component.

elements in organic molecules

Besides carbon, organic molecules frequently contain other elements essential for life's complexity.

• Hydrogen, often paired with carbon, forms hydrocarbons which are the foundation of many organic molecules.
• Oxygen is vital in creating functional groups like alcohols and acids, enhancing many chemical reactions.
• Nitrogen is crucial in amino acids and nucleic acids, forming the building blocks for proteins and DNA.
• Phosphorus, often found in the energy-carrying molecule ATP, is essential in transfer and storage processes.
• Sulfur is a key part of some amino acids and vitamins.

Each of these elements plays a specific and crucial role, interacting with carbon to form complex and diverse molecules crucial for life.

biochemistry basics

Biochemistry is the branch of science that explores and defines the chemical processes within and related to living organisms. It's a field bridging biology and chemistry, providing insights into how biological molecules give rise to processes that occur within living cells.
The chemistry of carbon compounds—organic chemistry—is central within biochemistry due to its role in forming life's molecules.
Key areas of study in biochemistry include:

• Metabolism: The chemical reactions that occur within a living organism to maintain life.
• Enzymology: The study of enzymes, which are protein catalysts that facilitate biochemical reactions.
• Genetics: The study of genes and how they contribute to the structure and behavior of living organisms.

Understanding these basics is essential for comprehending how life operates at a molecular level.