Question

The enzyme that helps short segments of DNA move from one chromosomal location to another is a. transposase. b. DNA polymerase. c. protease. d. restriction endonuclease. e. DNA ligase.

Short answer

a. transposase

Step-by-step solution

Understand the task

The task is to identify the enzyme that helps short segments of DNA move from one chromosomal location to another. This involves understanding the function of each of the listed enzymes.

Analyze the choices

Transposase is the enzyme that enables the movement of genetic sequences, called transposons or 'jumping genes', between locations in a genome. DNA polymerase creates DNA molecules by assembling nucleotides, the building blocks of DNA. Proteases are enzymes that break down proteins into their constituent amino acids. Restriction endonucleases cleave DNA at specific sequences. DNA ligase is used in cells to join DNA strands together.

Select the correct choice

Based on the descriptions of the roles of these enzymes, it can be concluded that the enzyme which helps short segments of DNA move from one chromosomal location to another is transposase. Therefore, the selection is option a - transposase.

Key concepts

transposase

In the world of genetics, transposase plays a crucial role. It is an enzyme specifically designed to cut and rejoin segments of DNA known as transposons. Imagine it as a pair of molecular scissors that snip and reposition genetic sequences within the genome. This mobility is essential because it fuels genetic variability, which can impact evolution and even the adaptability of organisms.

Transposase operates by recognizing certain sequences, cutting out the genetic material, and then reinserting it elsewhere in the DNA. This process is called "transposition," and it can significantly alter gene expression. As it facilitates the hopping around of genes within a cell, transposase has earned the nickname "gene taxi driver."

• Recognizes specific DNA sequences.
• Facilitates the movement of genetic material.
• Alters gene expression and genetic diversity.

Understanding this enzyme helps scientists grasp how genes can move, change positions and how this affects overall genetic makeup.

mobile genetic elements

Mobile genetic elements are segments of DNA that can move around within the genome. Like nimble dancers, these sequences thrive on being dynamic, shifting positions, and sometimes jumping between different organisms. This movement can drive genetic variation, which can lead to evolution, adaptation, or even new traits within species.

Think of mobile genetic elements as travelers who can carry genetic information to new locations. They can be involved in horizontal gene transfer, which is the exchange of genetic material between organisms, not just from parent to offspring. These elements are vital in shaping the genomes of organisms.

• Include transposons, plasmids, and certain viruses.
• Used in genetic research and biotechnology applications.
• Influence genetic evolution and diversity.

They are always on the move, constantly rearranging and reshuffling genetic information within the genome.

DNA transposons

DNA transposons are a specific type of mobile genetic element. Often referred to as "jumping genes," they can change their position within the genome. Unlike other genetic elements, DNA transposons move within the DNA by a cut-and-paste mechanism, usually facilitated by transposase enzymes. This mechanism allows them to influence the genetic makeup of an organism.

When these jumping genes relocate, they can disrupt existing genes or create new regulatory controls, leading to unforeseen effects. That might sound chaotic, but this process is a significant player in evolution, providing a key mechanism for developing genetic diversity.

• Move by a cut-and-paste method.
• Can disrupt or regulate genes.
• Enhance genetic diversity and evolution.

Understanding DNA transposons gives insight into their critical role in genetic research and the toolset available for scientists to manipulate genetic information.