Question

Bacterial cells divide by a process known as a. mitosis. b. cytokincsis. c. meiosis. d. binary fission. e. glycolysis.

Short answer

Binary fission. The correct answer is option d.

Step-by-step solution

Understanding the Terms

First, understand what each option means:\n a) Mitosis: A type of cell division that results in two daughter cells each having the same number and kind of chromosomes as the parent nucleus. \n b) Cytokinesis: Is the physical process of cell division, which divides the cytoplasm of a parental cell into two daughter cells. \n c) Meiosis: A type of cell division that results in four daughter cells each with half the number of chromosomes of the parent cell.\n d) Binary Fission: It is a method of asexual reproduction that involves the splitting of a parent cell into two approximately equal parts.\n e) Glycolysis: It is the process in which one glucose molecule is broken down to form two molecules of pyruvic acid.

Process for Bacterial Cell Division

Bacteria usually divide by binary fission. In binary fission, a single cell divides into two cells of equal size. This is a simple process of cell division, which is typically seen in prokaryotic organisms, such as bacteria.

Choosing the Correct Option

Based on the second step explanation, it is seen that binary fission is a process used by bacteria to divide and reproduce. So, the correct answer is 'd. Binary fission'

Key concepts

Bacterial Cell Division

Bacterial cell division is an essential process that allows bacteria to reproduce and grow. Unlike eukaryotic cells, bacteria do not undergo mitosis or meiosis. Instead, they rely on a unique method called binary fission for cell division. This process ensures that a bacterial cell divides and forms two identical daughter cells. During binary fission, the bacterial DNA is replicated, and the cell elongates before dividing.
This efficient method not only aids in rapid reproduction but also helps bacteria adapt to changing environments. Binary fission is crucial for their survival and proliferation in various environments.

Asexual Reproduction

Asexual reproduction is a type of reproduction that does not involve the fusion of gametes. It results in offspring that are genetically identical to the parent organism. In bacterial cells, binary fission serves as a form of asexual reproduction.
This method is straightforward and occurs without the need for specialized reproductive structures. Unlike sexual reproduction, which introduces genetic variation, asexual reproduction in bacteria results in uniform progeny.
Some key features of asexual reproduction include:

• Quick and efficient reproduction.
• Genetic stability over generations.
• Lack of genetic diversity among offspring.

This method allows bacteria to multiply rapidly under favorable conditions.

Prokaryotic Organisms

Prokaryotic organisms, such as bacteria, are characterized by their simple cellular structure. They lack a defined nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles, unlike eukaryotic cells. Instead, their genetic material is stored in a single, circular DNA molecule.
This simplicity allows prokaryotes to adapt quickly to their surroundings. Thanks to their unique cell structure, prokaryotic organisms can undergo binary fission, a rapid and efficient method of cell division.
Prokaryotes are among the most diverse and widespread organisms on Earth, thriving in a range of environments, including extreme conditions. This adaptability is largely due to their straightforward approach to reproduction and survival.

Cell Division Process

The cell division process is vital for growth, reproduction, and maintaining cellular function. In bacteria, this process happens through binary fission, which is distinct from the processes of mitosis and meiosis seen in eukaryotes.
Binary fission begins with the replication of the bacterial DNA, followed by the elongation of the cell. The cell then divides at the center, resulting in two identical daughter cells. This simple and effective process allows bacteria to rapidly increase their numbers.

• Replication ensures genetic information is passed to offspring.
• Elongation of the cell prepares it for division.
• Division results in two independent and identical cells.

This efficient cell division process is crucial for the survival and reproduction of bacteria in various ecosystems.