Question

What do scientists use to apply cladistics?

a. homologous traits

b. homoplasies

c. analogous traits

d. monophyletic groups

Short answer

Option : (a) homologous traits

Step-by-step solution

Introduction

Cladistics is a discipline of taxonomy that classifies organisms based on their evolutionary history. Organisms that have a similar ancestor are classified into the same taxonomy, or clade.

Explanation to correct option

Option (a) is described as a collection of homologous features. Homologous characteristics are characters with similar structures but distinct functions, such as a human hand, a bat's wings, and a whale's fin. Their comparable structure suggests a common progenitor, and the differences in function are most likely attributable to external factors. As a result, option is the proper response (a).

Explanation to incorrect options

Option (b) Homoplasies are traits that are shared by two species but not shared by their common ancestor. Such traits are not utilized in cladistics since they might generate uncertainty regarding the common ancestor. As a result, choice (b) is erroneous.

Option (c) is described as having comparable characteristics. Analogous characteristics are features that have comparable functions but differing structures. Because they do not indicate a common ancestor, such features are examples of divergent evolution and are not employed in cladistics. As a result, choice (c) is erroneous.

Option (d) is presented as a single monophyletic group. It's a term that refers to a collection of clads or creatures that have a common ancestor. It is not a criterion, but rather a label given to a group of creatures that meet certain requirements. Option (d) is thus erroneous.

Conclusion

Homologous traits refer to qualities that have similar structures but perform distinct functions. Their comparable structures prove that they have a common ancestor, and they are thus utilized in cladistics.