Chapter 15: Q.20 (page 392)
Discuss how degeneracy of the genetic code makes cells more robust to mutations.
Degeneracy is believed to be a cellular mechanism toreduce the negative impact of random mutations.
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In any given species, there are at least how many types of aminoacyl tRNA synthetases? a. 20 b. 40 c. 100 d. 200
If mRNA is complementary to the DNA template strand and the DNA template strand is complementary to the DNA nontemplate strand, then why are base sequences of mRNA and the DNA nontemplate strand not identical? Could they ever be?
A scientist observes that a cell has an RNA polymerase deficiency that prevents it from making proteins. Describe three additional observations that would together support the conclusion that a defect in RNA polymerase I activity, and not problems with the other polymerases, causes the defect ?
What processing step enhances the stability of pretRNAs and pre-rRNAs?
a. methylation
b. nucleotide modification
c. cleavage
d. splicing
How do enhancers and promoters differ?
a. Enhancers bind transcription factors to silence gene expression, while promoters activate transcription.
b. Enhancers increase the efficiency of gene expression, but are not essential for transcription. Promoter recognition is essential to transcription initiation.
c. Promoters bind transcription factors to increase the efficiency of transcription. Enhancers bind RNA polymerases to initiate transcription.
d. There is no difference. Both are transcription factor-binding sequences in DNA.
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