Chapter 15: Q.20 (page 392)
Discuss how degeneracy of the genetic code makes cells more robust to mutations.
Degeneracy is believed to be a cellular mechanism toreduce the negative impact of random mutations.
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A scientist introduces a mutation that makes the 60S ribosomal subunit nonfunctional in a human cell line. What would be the predicted effect on translation?
a. Translation stalls after the initiation AUG codon is identified.
b. The ribosome cannot catalyze the formation of peptide bonds between the tRNAs in the A and P sites.
c. The ribosome cannot interact with mRNAs.
d. tRNAs cannot exit the E site of the ribosome.
Many antibiotics inhibit bacterial protein synthesis. For example, tetracycline blocks the A site on the bacterial ribosome, and chloramphenicol blocks peptidyl transfer. What specific effect would you expect each of these antibiotics to have on protein synthesis?
Tetracycline would directly affect:
a. tRNA binding to the ribosome
b. ribosome assembly
c. growth of the protein chain
Chloramphenicol would directly affect
a. tRNA binding to the ribosome
b. ribosome assembly
c. growth of the protein chain
Figure 15.11 A scientist splices a eukaryotic promoter in front of a bacterial gene and inserts the gene in a bacterial chromosome. Would you expect the bacteria to transcribe the gene?
Figure 15.16 Many antibiotics inhibit bacterial protein synthesis. For example, tetracycline blocks the A site on the bacterial ribosome, and chloramphenicol blocks peptidyl transfer. What specific effect would you expect each of these antibiotics to have on protein synthesis?
Tetracycline would directly affect:
a. tRNA binding to the ribosome
b. ribosome assembly
c. growth of the protein chain
Chloramphenicol would directly affect
a. tRNA binding to the ribosome
b. ribosome assembly
c. growth of the protein chain
Which event contradicts the central dogma of molecular biology?
a. Poly-A polymerase enzymes process mRNA in the nucleus.
b. Endonuclease enzymes splice out and repair damaged DNA.
c. Scientists use reverse transcriptase enzymes to make DNA from RNA.
d. Codons specifying amino acids are degenerate and universal.
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