Chapter 9: Q. 17 (page 251)
What is the effect of an inhibitor binding an enzyme?
a. The enzyme is degraded.
b. The enzyme is activated.
c. The enzyme is inactivated.
d. The complex is transported out of the cell.
The correct option is (c).
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How does NF-ฮบB induce gene expression?
a. A small, hydrophobic ligand binds to NF-ฮบB, activating it.
b. Phosphorylation of the inhibitor Iฮบ-B dissociates the complex between it and NF-ฮบB, and allows NF- ฮบB to enter the nucleus and stimulate transcription.
c. NF-ฮบB is phosphorylated and is then free to enter the nucleus and bind DNA.
d. NF-ฮบB is a kinase that phosphorylates a transcription factor that binds DNA and promotes protein production.
What advantage might biofilm production confer on the S. aureus inside the catheter?
A scientist observes a mutation in the transmembrane region of EGFR that eliminates its ability to be stabilized by binding interactions during dimerization after ligand binding. Which hypothesis regarding the effect of this mutation on EGF signaling is most likely to be correct?
a. EGF signaling cascades would be active for longer in the cell.
b. EGF signaling cascades would be active for a shorter period of time in the cell.
c. EGF signaling cascades would not occur.
d. EGF signaling would be unaffected.
Quorum sensing is triggered to begin when ___________.
a. treatment with antibiotics occurs
b. bacteria release growth hormones
c. bacterial protein expression is switched on
d. a sufficient number of bacteria are present
A scientist notices that a cancer cell line shows high levels of phosphorylated ERK in the absence of EGF. What are two possible explanations for the increase in phosphorylated ERK? Be specific in which proteins are involved.
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