Question

Malnutrition of children is a profound global problem, and protein deficiencies are the most common form of childhood malnutrition. Why are people so vulnerable to protein deficiencies?

Short answer

People are vulnerable to protein deficiencies due to various reasons such as inadequate protein intake, diseases causing malabsorption or increased protein requirement, and the particularly high protein needs of children. Adequate and balanced protein consumption is essential to prevent protein deficiencies.

Step-by-step solution

Understand Protein Function

Proteins are vital structural and functional components of every cell in the human body. They are used to build and repair tissues, make enzymes and hormones, and serve as a key source of energy. Without adequate protein intake, the body cannot function efficiently.

Discuss Protein Sources

Proteins are obtained primarily from animal and plant sources. Some people, due to dietary preferences, economic circumstances, or lack of awareness, may not consume enough protein-rich food, leading to protein deficiency.

Address Consumption and Absorption

Even with sufficient access to protein-rich food, some individuals may still experience protein deficiency due to malabsorption conditions, such as Crohn's disease or Celiac disease. These conditions can lead to protein not being efficiently absorbed by the body, regardless of intake.

Discuss Disease

Certain illnesses or conditions can lead to protein depletion. For example, major operations, severe burns, or infections can dramatically increase the body's protein requirements, leading to deficiency if not adequately addressed.

Age and Protein Needs

Protein needs vary across different age groups. Children in particular require high amounts of protein to support growth and development, making them more susceptible to protein deficiency. Failure to satisfy these needs can lead to growth stunts, loss of muscle mass, decreased immunity, and weakening of the heart and respiratory system.