Question

Prolactin and oxytocin are both involved in lactation. Define, describe, and explain the functional significance of each of these hormones.

Short answer

Prolactin, produced by the pituitary gland, matures mammary glands and is key for milk production. Oxytocin, produced in the hypothalamus and secreted by the posterior pituitary gland, aids in the let-down reflex during breastfeeding, wherein milk is moved into the breast for the baby to consume. Both hormones are essential for successful lactation and maternal care.

Step-by-step solution

Define Prolactin and Oxytocin

Prolactin is a hormone produced by the pituitary gland that primarily aids in milk production. It is an essential hormone in mammals for the production and maintenance of milk supply during breastfeeding. Oxytocin, on the other hand, is a hormone produced in the hypothalamus and is secreted by the posterior pituitary gland. It is typically associated with contraction of the uterus during labor and the ejection of milk during breastfeeding.

Describe the functions of Prolactin and Oxytocin

Prolactin plays a key role in the maturation of mammary glands and is crucial for milk production. After childbirth, a high level of prolactin promotes lactation. Oxytocin helps with the delivery of the baby during childbirth by stimulating contractions in the uterus. During breastfeeding, oxytocin promotes the movement of milk into the breast (let-down reflex), allowing it to be expressed out.

Explain the functional significance of Prolactin and Oxytocin

The functional significance of prolactin lies in its role in the initiation and maintenance of milk synthesis, supporting successful breastfeeding. Without sufficient levels of prolactin, lactation would not be possible. Oxytocin is important as it aids in the let-down reflex, an essential process that allows the baby to successfully drink milk from the breast. Without the action of oxytocin, even if the milk is produced, it would not reach the baby. Thus both hormones play crucial roles in the success of breastfeeding and maternal care.